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Vacate,Reverse 和 Overrule法律術語分析及英語解釋
2019-01-06 09:25:48    etogether.net    網(wǎng)絡    



三者均有使判決等作廢或失去效力的含義。其中,reverse 為“撤銷”,多指上訴法院作相反判決,撤銷原判的排他性行為(of an appellate court,to nullify the judgment of a lower court in a case on appeal because of some error in the court below [1])。而vacate為“廢止”,其可指上訴法院廢止下級法院的判決,此時它等同“撤銷”原判;但審理法院也可以自己廢止原判決,此時它便與reverse的含義有差異(to nullify a judgment or court order. This may be done by the court that issued the original judgment or order, or by a higher court on appeal [2])。overrule 為“推翻”,常用于法院推翻先例,使其不再具有拘束力(of a court, to overturn or set aside a precedent by expressly deciding that it should no longer be controlling law [3]),如:In Brown v. Board of Education, the Supreme Court overruled Plessy v. Ferguson(在布朗訴教育委員會一案中,聯(lián)邦最高法院推翻了普萊西訴弗格森案之先例).


[1] Cf. James E. Clapp, Random House Dictionary of the Law, at p. 377, Random House, New York (2000).

[1] Id at p. 451

[1] Cf. Bryan A. Gamer, Black's Law Dictionary, 7th edition, at p. 1131, West Group (1999).


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