中國(guó)逐步增加應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化領(lǐng)域的援助。近年來(lái)，隨著全球氣候變化問(wèn)題日益嚴(yán)峻，中國(guó)進(jìn)一步拓展相關(guān)援助范圍。中國(guó)與突尼斯、幾內(nèi)亞、瓦努阿圖、古巴等國(guó)家開展沼氣技術(shù)合作，為喀麥隆、布隆迪、幾內(nèi)亞等國(guó)援建水力發(fā)電設(shè)施，與蒙古、黎巴嫩、摩洛哥、巴布亞新幾內(nèi)亞等國(guó)開展太陽(yáng)能和風(fēng)能發(fā)電方面的合作。此外，中國(guó)還為發(fā)展中國(guó)家舉辦清潔能源和應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化相關(guān)的培訓(xùn)，2000年至2009年，共舉辦50期培訓(xùn)班，培訓(xùn)內(nèi)容涉及沼氣、太陽(yáng)能、小水電等可再生能源開發(fā)利用、林業(yè)管理、防沙治沙等，1400多名來(lái)自發(fā)展中國(guó)家的學(xué)員來(lái)華參加了培訓(xùn)。
五、對(duì)外援助管理
中國(guó)對(duì)外援助的決策權(quán)集中于中央政府。自1950年以來(lái)，隨著對(duì)外關(guān)系和對(duì)外援助工作的發(fā)展，中國(guó)政府管理對(duì)外援助的各級(jí)機(jī)構(gòu)逐步建立和健全，項(xiàng)目管理力度不斷加強(qiáng)。
China has steadily increased aid in coping with climate change. In recent years, as the problem of global warming has been getting worse, China has expanded the scope of relevant aid to other countries. China has carried out cooperation with Tunisia, Guinea, Vanuatu and Cuba in utilizing bio-gas, assisted in the building of hydropower stations in Cameroon, Burundi and Guinea, and cooperated with Mongolia, Lebanon, Morocco and Papua New Guinea in exploring solar energy and building wind-power stations. In addition, China has held training courses on clean energy sources and climate change for other developing countries. From 2000 to 2009, China held 50 training workshops attended by more than 1,400 people from other developing countries on the development and use of renewable resources such as bio-gas, solar energy, and small hydropower stations, as well as forestry management, and de-sertification treatment and prevention.
V. Management of Foreign Aid
The decision-making power in China regarding foreign aid lies with the central government. Ever since the 1950s, with the development of foreign relations and foreign aid, agencies at various levels of the Chinese government responsible for the management of foreign aid have been gradually established and improved, and management of projects has been gradually strengthened.
商務(wù)部是中國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院授權(quán)的政府對(duì)外援助主管部門，負(fù)責(zé)擬定對(duì)外援助政策、規(guī)章、總體規(guī)劃和年度計(jì)劃，審批各類援外項(xiàng)目并對(duì)項(xiàng)目實(shí)施進(jìn)行全過(guò)程管理。商務(wù)部所屬國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)合作事務(wù)局、國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)交流中心和國(guó)際商務(wù)官員研修學(xué)院分別受托管理援外成套項(xiàng)目和技術(shù)合作項(xiàng)目、物資項(xiàng)目以及培訓(xùn)項(xiàng)目的具體實(shí)施。中國(guó)進(jìn)出口銀行負(fù)責(zé)優(yōu)惠貸款項(xiàng)目評(píng)估以及貸款發(fā)放和回收等管理。中國(guó)駐外使(領(lǐng))館負(fù)責(zé)中國(guó)對(duì)駐在國(guó)援助項(xiàng)目的一線協(xié)調(diào)和管理。地方商務(wù)管理機(jī)構(gòu)配合商務(wù)部，負(fù)責(zé)協(xié)助辦理管轄地有關(guān)對(duì)外援助的具體事務(wù)。
在開展對(duì)外援助工作時(shí)，中國(guó)各相關(guān)政府部門保持密切聯(lián)系和協(xié)作。商務(wù)部在制訂國(guó)別援助方案和對(duì)外援助資金計(jì)劃時(shí)，與外交部、財(cái)政部和中國(guó)進(jìn)出口銀行進(jìn)行經(jīng)常性溝通并充分征求上述部門意見。國(guó)務(wù)院其他一些部門負(fù)責(zé)或參與部分專業(yè)性較強(qiáng)的對(duì)外援助工作的管理。為進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)各部門間的協(xié)調(diào)，2008年，商務(wù)部會(huì)同外交部、財(cái)政部等有關(guān)部門和機(jī)構(gòu)，正式成立對(duì)外援助部際聯(lián)系機(jī)制。2011年2月，部際聯(lián)系機(jī)制升級(jí)為部際協(xié)調(diào)機(jī)制。
The Ministry of Commerce of the People’s Republic of China is the administrative department authorized by the State Council to oversee foreign aid. It is responsible for the formulation of foreign aid policies, regulations, overall and annual plans, examination and approval of foreign aid projects and management of the project execution. The Executive Bureau of International Economic Cooperation, China International Center for Economic and Technical Exchanges, and Academy of International Business Officials affiliated to the Ministry of Commerce are entrusted with tasks of managing the implementation of complete projects and technical cooperation projects, material aid projects and training programs connected with China’s foreign aid. The Export-Import Bank of China is responsible for the assessment of projects with concessional loans, and the allocation and recovery of loans. Chinese embassies or consulates abroad are in charge of the direct coordination and management of foreign aid projects in the relevant countries. The local commercial administration departments are required to cooperate with the Ministry of Commerce to deal with affairs related to foreign aid within its jurisdiction.
In providing foreign aid, the related departments of the Chinese government keep in close contact and cooperate with each other. In drafting foreign aid programs and foreign aid funds plans for each country, the Ministry of Commerce communicates regularly with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Finance and the Export-Import Bank of China to seek their suggestions. Some other departments of the State Council are responsible for or participate in the management of foreign aid programs that require better professional expertise. In order to strengthen the coordination of the departments concerned, the ministries of commerce, foreign affairs and finance officially established the country’s foreign aid inter-agency liaison mechanism in 2008. In February 2011, this liaison mechanism was upgraded into an inter-agency coordination mechanism.
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