一篇文章通常可分為三個部分，即開頭、中間和結尾，這三個部分是一個有機的整體，它們之間安排是否得體，直接影響到文章的質(zhì)量。

(一）文章開頭段及常用句型

文章開頭段，一般來說一定要開門見山，語言精練，用簡單明白的敘述直接切人主題，使讀者理解文章在談論什么，快速引起讀者的興趣。開頭段一般不對主題進行深人的探討,具體的論證或敘述應該在擴展段進行。開頭段的作用是概括陳述主題，提出觀點或論點，表明寫作意圖。

寫好開頭段應該避免以下幾個問題：

(1)開頭偏離主題太遠；

(2)使用抱歉或埋怨之詞句；

(3)內(nèi)容不具體,言之無物；

(4)使用不言自明的陳述。 

“萬事開頭難”，寫作文時很多人都面對這樣一個問題。其實，寫開頭段有多種表達方法，只要牢固地掌握了這些方式，開頭段也沒有大家想象的那么難。下面分別給大家講解開頭段的幾種展開方法： 

1.主題句法:開篇點明主題，用主題句,然后圍繞主題內(nèi)容進行發(fā)展。如：

Now people become increasingly aware of the importance of acquiring a mastery of a foreign language. To them，the knowledge of a foreign language，say，English，often means a good opportunity for one's career, even a passport to a prosperous future. Many of them equate success in life with the ability of speaking a foreign language.

2.提問法:提出有爭議或探討性的具體問題，然后加以簡要回答或展開引導性簡短討論。如：

What do you want from your work? Money? Promotions? Interesting challenges? Continual learning? Work based friendships? The opportunity to develop your own idea and potentials? Though we are all individuals and so our answers will differ, all agree that work provides more than material things.

3.引語法:使用一段名人名言,或人們常用的諳語、習語，以確定文章的寫作范圍和方向。如：

“Great minds must be ready not only to take the opportunity, but to make them,” Colton, a great writer once remarked. But it still has a profound significance now. To a person, in whose lifetime opportunities are not many, to make opportunities is more essential to his success.

4.數(shù)據(jù)法:使用具體翔實的數(shù)字或數(shù)據(jù)，然后作出概括性分析,指明問題的癥結所在。如：

In the past 5 years, there has been a marked decline in the number of young married couples who want to have children, coupled with a growing trend toward delayed childbearing. According to official statistics, in 2003, about 28 percent of married couples with wives under 35 gave no birth to children，compared with the 1993 level of 8 percent.

5.背景法:給出背景,描述具體事件的時間、地點和發(fā)生背景等。如：

Once in a newspaper I read of a crowd of people who remained appallingly indifferent to the plea of a mother. As she failed to offer the required amount of cash as a price to save her drowning son，the woman at last watched her son sink to death. The story is not rare in newspapers and on TV, and the casualness and detachment our people now have developed has aroused nationwide concern.

6.定義法:針對討論的主題或問題加以定義，然后進行深入探討。如：

Flexibility is defined as being adaptable to change. In the course of your lifetime, it is essential that you leam to bend and flex around every new circumstance, as rigidity deprives you of the opportunity to see new possibilities. Paradigms change over time, and so must you. Your company may restructure, and you will have to survive. Your spouse may choose to leave the marriage, and you will have to cope. Technology will continue to advance and change，and you must constantly leam and adapt or risk becoming a dinosaur. Flexibility allows you to be ready for whatever curve lies ahead in life instead of getting blindsided by it.

下面給大家介紹幾種開頭段常用的核心句型，以便大家更好地組織文章的開頭。

a.The arguer may be right about..., but he seems to neglect to mention the fact that...

b.Contrary to generally accepted views, I argue that...

c.There is an element of truth in this argument, but it ignores a deeper and more basic fact that...

d.It is true that..., but this is not to say that...

e.The main/obvious problem with this argument is that it is blind to the basic fact that...

f.It would be natural/reasonable to think that..., but it would be absurd to claim that...

g.In all the discussion and debate over..., one important fact is generally verlooked/ neglected.

h.There is absolutely no reason for us to believe that …

i.To assume that... is far from being proved.

j.A close inspection of this argument would reveal how flimsy( groundless) it is.

k.On the surface (At first thought)，it may seem an attractive idea, but on second thought, we find that. . .

l.Too much emphasis placed on... may obscure other facts...

m.The problem/fact is that."

n.However logical this argument may be, it only skims the surface of the problem.

o.As far as I am concerned, I believe that...

p.Although I appreciate that..., I cannot agree with...

q.Those who object to... argue that.... But people who favor...，on the other hand, argue that...

r.Currently, there is a general concern over...

s.Now it is widely acknowledged that.... But I wonder whether...

t.These days we often hear about...，but is this really the case?