合同中必然包含某個(gè)交易，而交易過程中雙方的信息交流是經(jīng)常性的，有些信息對(duì)于一方來說可能具有經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值或其他價(jià)值而不宜向公眾公開，而只能在一定范圍內(nèi)透露或使用，因此產(chǎn)生了保密條款甚至專門的保密協(xié)議存在的必要性。
為了保護(hù)這些有價(jià)值的信息，在英美國家，人們可以依靠普通法或者商業(yè)秘密法令的救濟(jì)。但是，若一方向另一方提供信息是基于合同約定的義務(wù)或者與契約上的安排有關(guān)，那么，為防止此等信息出現(xiàn)未經(jīng)授權(quán)的使用或被公開，合同中通常會(huì)包含“保密條款”。
保密條款的功能至少包括下列幾項(xiàng)：
1. 在英美國家，它能為普通法或商業(yè)秘密法令保護(hù)范圍未能涵蓋的救濟(jì)的信息提供保護(hù)，在中國，它同樣也能對(duì)該等尚未取得知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)法保護(hù)的信息提供契約上的保護(hù)；
2. 可以為一方設(shè)定保守其從另一方所獲信息之秘密的義務(wù);
3. 有助于公開信息的一方證明，為保護(hù)其專有信息它已經(jīng)盡到了合理努力。
在所有訂立“保密條款”或“保密協(xié)議”情形中，簽約方的唯一目的就是保護(hù)一方向另一方所提供的信息之機(jī)密性。通常，包含“保密條款”的合同有：勞動(dòng)合同，咨詢協(xié)議，股份買賣協(xié)議，意向書，合營企業(yè)協(xié)議，許可協(xié)議，貸款協(xié)議以及和解協(xié)議。
(一）條款范例
【例1】
CONFIDENTIALITY
Section X, 01. Definitions.
(a) Confidential Information. “Confidential Information” means
(i) all information relating in any manner to the Company or its business (including， but not limited to, financial statements, budgets and projections, customer identities, potential customers, employees, suppliers，servicing methods, equipment, programs，strategies, analyses，profit margins and other proprietary information) , however documented，that has been，or may later be
(A) provided or shown to the Recipient or any of its Representatives by or on behalf of the Company [ or any of its Representatives ] ; or
(B) obtained from review of documents or property of, or communications with, the Company [ or its Representatives ] by the Recipient or its Representatives ；
and
(ii) any and all notes, analyses, compilations, studies，summaries，and other material ，however documented，containing or based，in whole or in part，on any information included in subsection (a) (collectively, the “Derivative Materials”）.
(b)Exceptions to Definition of “ Confidential Information. ” Despite the definition of "Confidential Information” set forth in subsection (a) , “Confidential Information” excludes information that [ the Recipient demonstrates ]
(i) was or becomes generally publicly available other than as a result of a disclosure by Recipient or any of its Representatives in violation of this Agreement ；
(ii) is in the [ lawful] possession of the Recipient or any of its Representatives prior to its disclosure by or on behalf of the Company or any of its Representatives ； or
(iii) was or becomes available to the Recipient or any of its Representatives on a nonconfidential basis [ prior to its disclosure by or on behalf of the Company or its Representa
tives ] from a third party that [ to the Recipient’s knowledge [ after due inquiry ] ] is not bound by a similar duty of confidentiality ( contractual，legal，fiduciary，or other).
(c) Representatives. “Representatives” means，with respect to any person，its directors ，officers，employees，agents，consultants，advisors，or other representatives.
Section X，02. Obligation to Maintain Confidentiality. During and after the term of this Agreement ” the Recipient shall，and shall [ use its best efforts to ] cause each of its Representatives to，keep the Confidential Information confidential. Without limiting the effect of the previous sentence，the Recipient shall not，and shall [ use its best efforts to ] cause its Representatives not to
(a)disclose any of the Confidential Information to any person, except
(i) [with the prior written consent of (the “Company Contact” ) ] ； or
(ii) as otherwise expressly permitted by the terms of this Agreement；
or
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