《十七條協(xié)議》的簽訂，標志著西藏實現(xiàn)和平解放，西藏的社會發(fā)展從此揭開了嶄新的一頁。和平解放使西藏徹底擺脫了帝國主義的侵略及其政治、經(jīng)濟羈絆，維護了中國的國家主權(quán)、統(tǒng)一和領土完整，實現(xiàn)了全國各族人民的團結(jié)和西藏內(nèi)部的團結(jié)，為西藏與全國一起共同進步和發(fā)展創(chuàng)造了基本前提。
二、和平解放60年的發(fā)展歷程
和平解放是西藏歷史發(fā)展的一個重要轉(zhuǎn)折點。在此后的60年里，西藏歷經(jīng)民主改革、自治區(qū)成立、社會主義建設和改革開放各個歷史階段，走過了波瀾壯闊的發(fā)展歷程。
The signing of the 17-Article Agreement symbolized the peaceful liberation of Tibet, thus opening a new page in the history of social progress in Tibet. The peaceful liberation enabled Tibet to shake off imperialist aggression and imperialist political and economic fetters, safeguarded the national sovereignty, unity and territorial integrity of China, enhanced the solidarity among all ethnic groups of China and within Tibet, and created the basic preconditions for Tibet to advance and develop together with other parts of the country.
II. Sixty Years’ Development Since Peaceful Liberation
Peaceful liberation was an important turning point in the historical development of Tibet. Over the 60 years since then Tibet has gone through several phases of development, such as the Democratic Reform, establishment of the autonomous re-gion, building of socialism, and reform and opening up, scoring spectacular achievements.
(一)落實《十七條協(xié)議》，維護國家統(tǒng)一和民族團結(jié)，開啟西藏現(xiàn)代化發(fā)展的嶄新征程
——進軍西藏，鞏固邊防。按照《十七條協(xié)議》及附件一的規(guī)定，從1951年9月到1952年6月，以十八軍為主的各路進藏部隊先后到達拉薩，進駐(抵)太昭、江孜、日喀則、山南隆子宗、亞東、察隅、改則等國防重鎮(zhèn)，完成了進軍西藏的任務，結(jié)束了西藏4000多公里邊境線上長期有邊無防的歷史。
——統(tǒng)一處理西藏一切涉外事務。1952年9月6日，中央人民政府駐西藏代表外事幫辦辦公室成立，在中央人民政府外交部的領導下，具體辦理西藏地方的一切涉外事宜。1954年4月29日，中印雙方在北京簽訂了《關(guān)于中國西藏地方和印度之間的通商和交通協(xié)定》，同時互換照會，取消印度繼承的英國侵略西藏遺留下來的特權(quán)。1955年中國和尼泊爾正式建立外交關(guān)系，并于1956年簽訂《中華人民共和國和尼泊爾王國保持友好關(guān)系以及關(guān)于中國西藏地方和尼泊爾之間的通商和交通協(xié)定》，取消了尼泊爾在西藏的特權(quán)，中尼友好關(guān)系在新的基礎上得到鞏固和發(fā)展。至此，完全實現(xiàn)了由中央人民政府統(tǒng)一處理西藏地區(qū)的一切涉外事宜。
1. Implementing the 17-Article Agreement, maintaining national unity and ethnic solidarity, and launching Tibet’s drive towards modernization
— Sending troops to Tibet and consolidating border defense. As stipulated in the 17-Article Agreement and its Ap-pendix I, the PLA troops with the 18th army as the major force marched into Tibet from September 1951 to June 1952, and were stationed in strongholds such as Gyamda, Gyangtse, Shi-gatse, Lhuntse Dzong, Dromo, Zayul and Gerze, bringing to an end the history of Tibet’s 4,000-km border being undefended.
— Handling Tibet’s foreign-related affairs on a centra-lized basis. On September 6, 1952 the foreign affairs office of the central government representative stationed in Tibet was set up, responsible for all the foreign-related affairs of Tibet under the leadership of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Central People’s Government. On April 29, 1954 the People’s Republic of China and the Republic of India signed in Beijing the Agreement on Trade and Intercourse between the Tibet Region of China and India, abolishing the privileges India had inherited from the British invaders. In 1955 China established official diplomatic ties with Nepal, and signed the Agreement on Main-taining Friendly Relations between the People’s Republic of China and the Kingdom of Nepal and on Trade and Intercourse between the Tibet Region of China and Nepal in 1956, which cancelled Nepal’s privileges in Tibet, advancing and consoli-dating the Sino-Nepalese relationship to a new level. To this day, all the foreign-related affairs of Tibet are dealt with by the Cen-tral People’s Government on a centralized basis.
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