有時(shí),定語(yǔ)從句并不緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞之后,而卻位于主句的謂語(yǔ)之后,定語(yǔ)從句跨越主句的謂語(yǔ)修飾主句的主語(yǔ),這種定語(yǔ)從句可以稱之為分裂式定語(yǔ)從句。這種定語(yǔ)從句也需要通過(guò)語(yǔ)法關(guān)系與邏輯意思進(jìn)行判斷,例如:
In recent years, many discoveries have been made which greatly facilitate the study of medicine,
[原譯]近年來(lái)已經(jīng)有了許多發(fā)現(xiàn),這大大推動(dòng)了醫(yī)學(xué)的研究。
[改譯]近年來(lái),許多新的發(fā)現(xiàn)大大推動(dòng)了醫(yī)學(xué)的研究。
[說(shuō)明]上句中關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句并非說(shuō)明整個(gè)主句, 因?yàn)閺木涞闹^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞facilitate不是單數(shù),which所修飾的應(yīng)該是主句的主語(yǔ)discoveries,所以是分裂式定語(yǔ)從句。
分裂式定語(yǔ)從句譯例:
1. Glycogen is stored in the liver, which is released as needed in the form of glucose.
糖元貯存于肝臟,需要時(shí)能以葡萄糖的形式釋出。
[說(shuō)明]根據(jù)邏輯判斷,定語(yǔ)從句不是修飾名詞liver,關(guān)系代詞which 也不是代表整個(gè)主句,而是修飾主句的主語(yǔ)glycogen。上句中的as needed 為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),也可理解為省略成分it is的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。
2. The drug has rapid onset and relatively short duration of action, thanks to which its effect can easily be regulated.
此藥生效迅速,作用時(shí)間短暫,因此其功效易于調(diào)節(jié)。
[說(shuō)明]上句中的關(guān)系代詞which作介詞thanks to的賓語(yǔ),整個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ)起結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)作用。此句中的which只能根據(jù)邏輯判斷它是代表整個(gè)主句的意思。
3. Cancer of the liver is also common in cases which begins as a cancer in one of the organs in the abdominal cavity.
肝癌以腹腔內(nèi)某一器官的癌癥為先導(dǎo),這種情況也是常見(jiàn)的。
[說(shuō)明] 根據(jù)語(yǔ)法關(guān)系和邏輯意思判斷,定語(yǔ)從句不是修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞 cases,關(guān)系代詞which也不代表整個(gè)主句,而是修飾主句的主語(yǔ)cancer。
4. Some hours or days later a cough develops, which is at first nonproductive but later is accompanied by mucopurulent sputum.