舊西藏農(nóng)牧業(yè)基本靠天吃飯、靠天養(yǎng)畜，如今農(nóng)牧業(yè)現(xiàn)代化程度大幅提高。西藏第一產(chǎn)業(yè)增加值由1959年的1.28億元增加到2010年的68.13億元，年均增長4.8%。糧食產(chǎn)量由1959年的18.29萬噸增加到2010年的92萬噸；糧食平均畝產(chǎn)量由1959年的91公斤提高到2008年的357.4公斤；年末牲畜存欄數(shù)由1959年的956萬頭(只、匹)增加到2010年的2321萬頭(只、匹)。
和平解放前，西藏90%以上的人沒有自己的住房，過著衣不蔽體、食不果腹的生活。60年來，西藏各族人民的生活條件不斷改善，生活水平不斷提高。1951年，西藏城鎮(zhèn)居民人均居住面積不到3平方米；2010年末，西藏城鎮(zhèn)居民人均居住面積達(dá)到34.72平方米。2006年開始，西藏實(shí)施以安居工程為突破口的社會(huì)主義新農(nóng)村建設(shè)，先后使27.48萬戶、140.21萬農(nóng)牧民住上了安全適用的新房，人均居住面積增加到24平方米，實(shí)現(xiàn)了讓全區(qū)所有住房條件較差的農(nóng)牧民住上安居新房的目標(biāo)。同時(shí)，西藏整體推進(jìn)農(nóng)牧區(qū)水、電、路、訊、氣、廣播電視、郵政和優(yōu)美環(huán)境綜合建設(shè)，農(nóng)牧區(qū)面貌發(fā)生歷史性變化。目前，鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)通郵率、鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)通公路率和行政村通公路率分別達(dá)到85.7%、99.7%、81.2%，累計(jì)解決153.2萬農(nóng)牧民的安全飲水問題，農(nóng)牧區(qū)碘鹽覆蓋率達(dá)91.2%。2010年，西藏農(nóng)牧民人均純收入達(dá)到4138.7元，連續(xù)8年保持兩位數(shù)增長，城鎮(zhèn)居民可支配收入達(dá)到14980元。隨著人民生活逐步富裕，消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)開始多樣化，冰箱、彩電、電腦、洗衣機(jī)、摩托車、手機(jī)等消費(fèi)品進(jìn)入了尋常百姓家。西藏每百戶農(nóng)村居民家庭擁有彩色電視機(jī)73.45臺(tái)、移動(dòng)電話52.64部、生活用汽車3.98輛，其中拉薩市每百戶城鎮(zhèn)居民家庭擁有家用電腦63臺(tái)、移動(dòng)電話182部、家用轎車32輛。廣播、電視、通信、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)等現(xiàn)代信息傳遞手段，與全國乃至世界同步發(fā)展，已經(jīng)進(jìn)入到人民群眾的日常生活。
In the old days Tibet’s agriculture and animal husbandry were completely at the mercy of the weather. Nowadays, mod-ern facilities have been widely introduced. The added value of primary industry in Tibet increased from 128 million yuan in 1959 to 6.813 billion yuan in 2010, registering an average an-nual growth of 4.8 percent. Grain output rose from 182,900 tons in 1959 to 920,000 tons in 2010. Meanwhile the grain output per mu (15 mu equal one ha.) rose from 91 kg in 1959 to 357.4 kg in 2008, with the number of livestock rising from 9.56 million head in 1959 to 23.21 million head at the end of 2010.
Before the peaceful liberation, more than 90 percent of the people in Tibet had no private housing, nor had they enough food and clothing. But over the past 60 years the Tibetan people’s living conditions have constantly improved. In 1951 the per-capita housing of urban dwellers was less than three sq m, but the figure reached 34.72 at the end of 2010. Since 2006, with the construction of a new socialist countryside and comfortable housing project underway, 274,800 households, comprising 1.4021 million farmers and herdsmen, have moved into modern houses, and the per-capita housing space has increased to 24 sq m in rural areas. The aim of providing farmers and herdsmen living in poor conditions with comfortable houses has been realized. Tibet has also improved its facilities in the areas of water, electricity, highways, telecommunications, gas, radio and television, postal services and the environment in farming and pastoral areas, giving rise to historic changes in these areas. The coverage rate of postal services in townships, that of highways in townships, and that of highways in administrative villages have reached 85.7 percent, 99.7 percent and 81.2 percent, respec-tively. The region has provided safe drinking water for 1.532 million farmers and herdsmen, and iodized salt for 91.2 percent of the residents in farming and pastoral areas. In 2010 the per-capita net income of farmers and herdsmen was 4,138.7 yuan, registering a double-digit growth for eight consecutive years. The per-capita disposable income of urban dwellers stood at 14,980 yuan.Meanwhile, the consumption pattern of Tibetan residents is becoming more diversified with improvement in their livelihood, and such consumer goods as refrigerators, color TVs, computers, washing machines, motorcycles and mobile phones have got access to ordinary homes. A survey shows that for every 100 rural households there are 73.45 color TVs, 52.64 mobile phones and 3.98 private cars, and for every 100 urban house-holds in Lhasa, there are 63 PCs, 182 mobile phones and 32 private cars. Radio, television, the Internet and other modern means of information keep growing with progress in other parts of China and the rest of the world. They have become an integral part of people’s daily life in Tibet as well.
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