醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生事業(yè)不斷發(fā)展健全。和平解放前，西藏只有3所設(shè)備簡陋、規(guī)模很小的官辦藏醫(yī)機構(gòu)和少量私人診所，從醫(yī)人員不足百人。2010年末，西藏有各級各類醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生機構(gòu)1352個，床位8838張，衛(wèi)生技術(shù)人員9983人。以政府投入為主導，家庭賬戶、大病統(tǒng)籌和醫(yī)療救助相結(jié)合的農(nóng)牧區(qū)醫(yī)療制度全面建立，以拉薩為中心、遍布城鄉(xiāng)的醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生網(wǎng)建立起來，實現(xiàn)了鄉(xiāng)鄉(xiāng)有衛(wèi)生院、村村有衛(wèi)生室。人民的健康水平顯著提高。孕產(chǎn)婦死亡率由1959年的5000/10萬人下降到174.78/10萬人，嬰幼兒死亡率由和平解放前的430‰下降到20.69‰，人均預(yù)期壽命從35.5歲提高到67歲。據(jù)第六次全國人口普查，西藏人口由和平解放前100萬增加到現(xiàn)在的300.22萬人，其中藏族人口271.64萬人，占90.48%。
以養(yǎng)老、醫(yī)療、失業(yè)、工傷和生育五大保險為主體的覆蓋城鄉(xiāng)居民的社會保障體系已經(jīng)建立。自2009年11月開展新農(nóng)保工作以來，截至2010年底，73個縣(市、區(qū))全部納入新農(nóng)保試點范圍，累計向年滿60周歲及以上農(nóng)牧區(qū)居民發(fā)放基礎(chǔ)養(yǎng)老金7631.55萬元；企業(yè)退休人員人均養(yǎng)老保險待遇達到每月2439元，高于全國平均水平。城鎮(zhèn)居民醫(yī)保政策范圍內(nèi)住院費用報銷比例達到75.1%。2010年年度醫(yī)療費最高報銷額度達到13萬元，是西藏城鎮(zhèn)居民人均可支配收入14980元的8.7倍。參加社會保險總?cè)藬?shù)達到166.23萬人，兌現(xiàn)各項社會保險待遇17.32億元。城鎮(zhèn)就業(yè)總?cè)藬?shù)達到52.71萬人，城鎮(zhèn)登記失業(yè)率為3.81%。
Tibet’s medical services are also constantly improving. Be-fore the peaceful liberation, there were only three small, shabby government-run institutions of Tibetan medicine and a small number of private clinics, with less than 100 medical workers altogether. By the end of 2010 there were 1,352 medical institutions of all types and at all levels in Tibet, with 8,838 hospital beds and 9,983 medical workers. A healthcare system in farming and pastoral areas has been established, with funds from the government comprising the major part, backed up by family accounts, and comprehensive arrangements for serious diseases and medical relief. A medical and healthcare network covering all counties and townships, with Lhasa as the center, has taken shape. Now, all townships in Tibet have health centers and all villages have clinics. Thanks to improvement in medical services, the Tibetan people’s health level has been raised. The death rate of women in childbirth has dropped from 5,000 per 100,000 to 174.78 per 100,000, and the infant mortality rate from 430 per thousand before the peaceful liberation to 20.69 per thousand. The average life expectancy has increased from 35.5 to 67 years. According to the sixth national census, the total population of Tibet increased from one million before the peaceful liberation to more than three million, of whom 2.7164 million or 90.48 percent were Tibetans.
Tibet has established a social security system mainly cover-ing basic pension insurance, basic medical insurance, unemployment insurance for urban workers, industrial accident insurance and maternity insurance, which cover all urban and rural residents. From November 2009, with the initiation of the New Rural Pension Social Insurance, to the end of 2010, 73 counties (cities and districts) were made pilot areas to try out the policy, granting accumulatively 76.3155 million yuan of basic pension insurance payments to residents over 60 years old in farming and pastoral areas. Pensions received by enterprise retirees reached 2,439 yuan per month per person, higher than the national average. The inpatient reimbursement rate for urban residents covered by the medical insurance policy reached 75.1 percent. The highest reimbursement of medical expenses in 2010 was 130,000 yuan, 8.7 times the per-capita disposable income of 14,980 yuan of urban dwellers in Tibet. The number of Tibetan people who have taken out social insurance stood at 1.6623 million, and 1.732 billion yuan of various social insur-ances have been collected. Meanwhile, there were 527,100 em-ployees in the urban areas, and the registered urban unemployment rate was 3.81 percent.
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