一般物資
一般物資援助是指中國在援助資金項下，向受援國提供所需生產(chǎn)生活物資、技術(shù)性產(chǎn)品或單項設(shè)備，并承擔(dān)必要的配套技術(shù)服務(wù)。
中國對外援助最早是從提供一般物資開始的。20世紀(jì)50、60年代，中國在國內(nèi)物資十分短缺的情況下，為支持廣大亞非國家爭取民族解放和發(fā)展民族經(jīng)濟，向上述國家提供了大量生產(chǎn)和生活物資。除單項提供援外物資外，中國還配合成套項目建設(shè)提供各種配套設(shè)備和物資。中國始終將國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)的質(zhì)量最好的產(chǎn)品作為援助物資，提供的物資涉及機械設(shè)備、醫(yī)療設(shè)備、檢測設(shè)備、交通運輸工具、辦公用品、食品、藥品等眾多領(lǐng)域。這些物資滿足了受援國生產(chǎn)生活急需，其中一些設(shè)備如民用飛機、機車、集裝箱檢測設(shè)備等，還促進了受援國裝備能力的提高和產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展。
Goods and Materials
They include materials for production and living, technical products or single-item equipment, and necessary technical services covered by foreign aid financial resources provided by China.
China started foreign aid by providing goods and materials. In the 1950s and 1960s, China was short of goods and materials at home. But to help Asian and African countries win national independence and develop their economies, it provided these countries with a large amount of goods and materials. In addition, China provided support-ing equipment and materials for complete projects. China always uses products of the highest quality for foreign aid, and the materials it provides include machinery, equipment, medical devices, testing equipment, transport vehicles, office equipment, food and medicine. These supplies meet recipient countries’ urgent needs in life and production; and some equipment, such as civil airplanes, locomotives and container-testing equipment, have helped recipient countries improve their equipment capacity and develop their industries.
技術(shù)合作
技術(shù)合作是指由中國派遣專家，對已建成成套項目后續(xù)生產(chǎn)、運營或維護提供技術(shù)指導(dǎo)，就地培訓(xùn)受援國的管理和技術(shù)人員；幫助發(fā)展中國家為發(fā)展生產(chǎn)而進行試種、試養(yǎng)、試制，傳授中國農(nóng)業(yè)和傳統(tǒng)手工藝技術(shù)；幫助發(fā)展中國家完成某一項專業(yè)考察、勘探、規(guī)劃、研究、咨詢等。
技術(shù)合作是中國幫助受援國增強自主發(fā)展能力的重要合作方式。技術(shù)合作涉及領(lǐng)域廣泛，包括工業(yè)生產(chǎn)和管理，農(nóng)業(yè)種植養(yǎng)殖，編織、刺繡等手工業(yè)生產(chǎn)，文化教育，體育訓(xùn)練，醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生，沼氣、小水電等清潔能源開發(fā)，地質(zhì)普查勘探、經(jīng)濟規(guī)劃等。技術(shù)合作期限一般為1年至2年，必要時應(yīng)對方要求，可以延長。
Technical Cooperation
Technical cooperation means that China dispatches experts to give technical guidance on production, operation or maintenance of complete projects after they are completed, and train local people as managerial and technical personnel; to help developing countries grow crops, raise animals and process products on a trial basis, and teach local people China’s agricultural technologies and traditional handicraft skills; and to help developing countries in inspection, survey, planning, research and consultation work of some industries.
Technical cooperation is an important means by which China helps recipient countries to strengthen their self-development capacity. It covers a wide range of fields, including industrial production and management, farming and poultry raising, handicrafts such as weaving and embroidery, culture and education, sports and physical training, medical and health care, clean energy development such as bio-gas and small hydropower generation, geological survey and prospecting, and economic planning. Technical cooperation projects usually last one to two years, and can be extended at the recipient country’s request.
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