主要領(lǐng)域
中國(guó)對(duì)外援助項(xiàng)目主要分布在農(nóng)業(yè)、工業(yè)、經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、公共設(shè)施、教育、醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生等領(lǐng)域，重點(diǎn)幫助受援國(guó)提高工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)能力，增強(qiáng)經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展基礎(chǔ)，改善基礎(chǔ)教育和醫(yī)療狀況。近年來(lái)，應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化成為中國(guó)對(duì)外援助的一個(gè)新領(lǐng)域。
農(nóng)業(yè)
中國(guó)將促進(jìn)發(fā)展中國(guó)家的農(nóng)業(yè)和農(nóng)村發(fā)展、減輕貧困作為對(duì)外援助的優(yōu)先領(lǐng)域。農(nóng)業(yè)援助內(nèi)容主要包括：建設(shè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)、農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)示范中心、農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)試驗(yàn)站和推廣站，興建農(nóng)田水利工程，提供農(nóng)機(jī)具、農(nóng)產(chǎn)品加工設(shè)備和相關(guān)農(nóng)用物資，派遣農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)人員和高級(jí)農(nóng)業(yè)專(zhuān)家傳授農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)技術(shù)和提供農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展咨詢，為受援國(guó)培訓(xùn)農(nóng)業(yè)人才等。中國(guó)援建的農(nóng)業(yè)項(xiàng)目促進(jìn)了受援國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的發(fā)展，增加了糧食和經(jīng)濟(jì)作物的產(chǎn)量，并為發(fā)展輕工業(yè)提供了原料。中國(guó)派遣援外農(nóng)業(yè)專(zhuān)家?guī)椭鷰變?nèi)亞比紹建立11個(gè)水稻生產(chǎn)示范點(diǎn)，示范種植面積2000公頃，繁育良種530噸，推廣面積3530公頃，其中多個(gè)品種增產(chǎn)3倍以上。2008年，中方農(nóng)業(yè)專(zhuān)家獲得幾內(nèi)亞比紹農(nóng)業(yè)部頒發(fā)的科技進(jìn)步一等獎(jiǎng)。援助馬達(dá)加斯加雜交水稻開(kāi)發(fā)示范中心試種34個(gè)中國(guó)雜交水稻品種，平均產(chǎn)量為每公頃8噸以上，相當(dāng)于該國(guó)水稻平均產(chǎn)量的2倍至3倍。20世紀(jì)60年代，中國(guó)幫助馬里試種甘蔗取得成功后，又進(jìn)一步幫助該國(guó)建立甘蔗農(nóng)場(chǎng)和糖廠，開(kāi)創(chuàng)了馬里自產(chǎn)食糖的歷史。目前，由中國(guó)援建的2個(gè)甘蔗農(nóng)場(chǎng)和2個(gè)糖廠組成的馬里制糖聯(lián)合企業(yè)在馬里國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)中發(fā)揮著重要作用。中國(guó)于20世紀(jì)80年代援建的突尼斯麥熱爾德—崩角水渠實(shí)現(xiàn)了突尼斯農(nóng)業(yè)灌溉的西水東調(diào)，為崩角地區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)。
Major Fields
China’s foreign aid projects are oriented to agriculture, industry, economic infrastructure, public facilities, education, and medical and health care, with the focus on improving recipient countries’ indus-trial and agricultural productivity, laying a solid foundation for their economic and social development, and improving basic education and health care. In recent years, coping with climate change has become a new area in China’s foreign aid.
Agriculture
China makes agriculture, rural development and poverty reduc-tion in developing countries priorities of its foreign aid. The agricultural aid mainly covers building farms, agro-technology demonstration centers, and experiment and promotion stations of agro-technology; constructing farmland irrigation and water-conservancy projects; supplying agricultural machinery and implements, farm produce processing equipment and related agricultural materials; dispatching agro-technicians and senior agricultural experts to pass on agricultural production technologies and provide consultations on rural development, and training agricultural personnel for recipient countries. Agricultural projects aided by China have promoted agricultural development in recipient countries, increased their output of grain and cash crops, and provided raw materials for the development of their light industry. In Guinea-Bissau, Chinese agricultural experts helped build 11 demonstration areas for paddy rice, with a total growing area of 2,000 ha. They bred 530 tons of fine strains of rice, which were planted in areas totaling 3,530 ha. Several of the rice strains produced an output three times or more than the original output. In 2008, the Chinese agricultural experts were awarded first prize for scientific and tech-nological progress by the Agricultural Department of Guinea-Bissau. Chinese experts assisted in the operation of a hybrid rice development and demonstration center in Madagascar, where 34 strains of Chinese hybrid paddy rice were grown, with average per-ha. output of eight tons, about two to three times the average output of local paddy rice. In the 1960s and 1970s, after succeeding in helping Mali grow sugarcane, China went on to help the country establish sugarcane farm and sugar mills, enabling Mali to grow and process sugar by itself for the first time ever. This sugar-making corporation is playing an important role in Mali’s economy. In the 1980s, China helped Tunisia construct the Medzerdah-Cap Bon Canal, which enabled the transfer of water from west to east for farmland irrigation, laying a solid foundation for agricultural development in Tunisia.
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