緊急人道主義援助
緊急人道主義援助是指中國在有關(guān)國家和地區(qū)遭受各種嚴重自然災(zāi)害或人道主義災(zāi)難的情況下，主動或應(yīng)受災(zāi)國要求提供緊急救援物資、現(xiàn)匯或派出救援人員，以減輕災(zāi)區(qū)人民生命財產(chǎn)損失，幫助受災(zāi)國應(yīng)對災(zāi)害造成的困難局面。
多年來，中國積極參與對外緊急救援行動，并在國際緊急人道主義救援事業(yè)中發(fā)揮著越來越重要的作用。為使救援行動更加快速有效，中國政府于2004年9月正式建立人道主義緊急救災(zāi)援助應(yīng)急機制。2004年12月印度洋海嘯發(fā)生后，中國開展了對外援助歷史上規(guī)模最大的緊急救援行動，向受災(zāi)國提供各種援助共計7億多元人民幣。近5年來，中國政府累計開展緊急援助近200次，主要包括向東南亞國家提供防治禽流感緊急技術(shù)援助；就幾內(nèi)亞比紹蝗災(zāi)和霍亂，厄瓜多爾登革熱，墨西哥甲型H1N1流感，伊朗、巴基斯坦、海地、智利地震，馬達加斯加颶風，緬甸、古巴熱帶風暴，巴基斯坦洪災(zāi)等提供物資或現(xiàn)匯緊急援助；向朝鮮、孟加拉國、尼泊爾、阿富汗、布隆迪、萊索托、津巴布韋、莫桑比克等國提供緊急糧食援助。
Emergency Humanitarian Aid
Emergency humanitarian aid is provided when a country or region suffers a severe natural or humanitarian disaster. In such cases, China provides materials or cash for emergency relief or dispatches relief personnel of its own accord or at the victim country’s request, so as to reduce losses of life and property in disaster-stricken areas and help the victim country tackle difficulties caused by the disaster.
Over the years, China has taken an active part in emergency relief operations in foreign countries, and has been playing a more and more important role in international emergency humanitarian relief. To make relief actions quicker and more effective, the Chinese government formally established a response mechanism for emergency humanitarian relief and aid in foreign countries in September 2004. In December 2004, when a tsunami hit countries by the Indian Ocean, China launched the largest ever emergency relief operation in its history, providing 700 million yuan worth of aid to the disaster-stricken countries. In the past five years, the Chinese government has provided on nearly 200 occasions emergency aid to foreign countries, including offering emergency technical aid to Southeast Asian countries for the prevention and treatment of bird flu; providing emergency aid in materials and cash to Guinea-Bissau hit by a locust plague and cholera, to Ecuador to fight dengue fever and to Mexico to fight influenza A (H1N1). It also assisted Iran, Pakistan, Haiti and Chile following severe earthquakes, Madagascar after a hurricane, Burma and Cuba following tropical storms, and Pakistan following a flood. In addition, it sent emergency food aid to DPRK, Bangladesh, Nepal, Afghanistan, Burundi, Lesotho, Zimbabwe, Mozambique and other countries.
援外志愿者
援外志愿者是指中國選派志愿人員到其他發(fā)展中國家，在教育、醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生和其他社會發(fā)展領(lǐng)域為當?shù)孛癖娞峁┓?wù)。目前，中國派出的志愿者主要有援外青年志愿者和漢語教師志愿者。
2002年5月，中國首次派遣5名青年志愿者赴老撾，在教育和醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生領(lǐng)域開展了為期半年的志愿服務(wù)。截至2009年底，中國向泰國、埃塞俄比亞、老撾、緬甸、塞舌爾、利比里亞、圭亞那等19個發(fā)展中國家共派遣405名援外青年志愿者，服務(wù)范圍涉及漢語教學、中醫(yī)治療、農(nóng)業(yè)科技推廣、體育訓(xùn)練、計算機培訓(xùn)、國際救援等領(lǐng)域。其中，向埃塞俄比亞、圭亞那等多個國家實現(xiàn)連續(xù)派遣。2003年，中國開始對外派遣漢語教師志愿者。截至2009年底，向全球70多個國家派遣漢語教師志愿者共計7590人次。
Overseas Volunteer Programs
China selects volunteers and sends them to other developing countries to serve the local people in education, medical and health care and some other social sectors. The volunteers now China sends mainly include young volunteers and Chinese-language teachers.
In May 2002, China dispatched, for the first time, five volunteers to Laos to provide services in education and medical and health care for half a year. By the end of 2009, China had dispatched to 19 de-veloping countries, including Thailand, Ethiopia, Laos, Myanmar, Seychelles, Liberia and Guyana, 405 young volunteers who provide services in the fields of Chinese-language teaching, traditional Chinese medicine treatment, agricultural technology, sports and physical training, computer skills, international relief and so on. China has sent regular teams of volunteers to Ethiopia, Guyana and a few other countries. In 2003, China started to dispatch volunteer Chinese-language teachers to other countries. By the end of 2009, China had dispatched 7,590 Chinese-language teachers to over 70 countries around the world.
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