寫(xiě)作中段落的順序
2017-05-24 15:02:14 etogether.net 網(wǎng)絡(luò) 次
一篇文章是由一些段落組成的，而一個(gè)段落是由一群彼此相關(guān)的，為了闡述同一中心內(nèi)容或?yàn)榱吮磉_(dá)同一想法的句子構(gòu)成的，句與句之間表達(dá)的內(nèi)容必須連貫、流暢,段落的結(jié)構(gòu)必須嚴(yán)謹(jǐn),段落組織必須條理分明、合乎邏輯，并按照主題所定范圍展開(kāi)。在上文中,我們闡釋了段落的結(jié)構(gòu)和組織方式,在這一部分我們討論一下段落寫(xiě)作應(yīng)該遵循的順序。 段落寫(xiě)作的順序因文章體裁的不同而多種多樣，這里我們介紹四種記敘文、描寫(xiě)文、說(shuō)明文和議論文都能普遍運(yùn)用的寫(xiě)作順序，供大家參考。
(一）時(shí)間順序（Time Order)
“時(shí)間順序”是以事情發(fā)生的時(shí)間先后為準(zhǔn)繩，即按時(shí)間的先后安排寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容。時(shí)間順序不僅適用于描寫(xiě)事件，而且也適用于實(shí)驗(yàn)和生產(chǎn)過(guò)程，以及采取行動(dòng)的步驟等，可用于記敘文、描寫(xiě)文和說(shuō)明文等文體的寫(xiě)作之中。如：
After this heart-breaking experience, Thorpe turned to professional sports. He played major league baseball for six years and did fairly well. Then he played professional football for six years with spectacular success. His last professional football season was in 1926. After that his indifference to studies and his unwillingness to think of a nonsports career caught up with him. He had trouble finding a job, and his friends deserted him. He periodically asked for, but never was given back, his Olympic prizes. From 1926 until his death in 1953, he lived a poor, lonely and unhappy life.
此段按照時(shí)間順序描述Thorpe失去奧運(yùn)金牌后的生活,先是從事六年職業(yè)棒球生涯，接著又從事六年職業(yè)橄欖球生涯，后來(lái)由于別無(wú)他技,一直到死都過(guò)著窮困潦倒的生活。 又如：
The Evolution of Computers
In the relatively short span of 25 years, there has been an incredible evolution in the size and capabilities of computers. Today, computers smaller than the tip of your fingernail have the same capabilities as the room-sized machines of 25 years ago. The first computer was developed around 1945. They were so large that they required special air-conditioned rooms. About 20 years later, in the 1960s desk-sized computers were developed. However a third generation of computers had appeared. In 1971，the first microprocessor was developed. Today, electronic engineers predict that...
上面段落按照時(shí)間順序介紹了在過(guò)去短短的25年里,計(jì)算機(jī)在其體積大小和存儲(chǔ)能力方面所發(fā)生的巨大變化。
(二）空間順序（Space Order)
“空間順序”是指按空間順序展開(kāi)段落,通常采用由遠(yuǎn)及近、由近及遠(yuǎn)、由上而下、由下而上以及順時(shí)針?lè)较颉⒛鏁r(shí)針?lè)较虻鹊?。空間順序多用于描寫(xiě)事物，可分為靜態(tài)和動(dòng)態(tài)兩種觀點(diǎn)。靜態(tài)的方向順序 一般按物體的空間位置來(lái)描寫(xiě)，在明確描寫(xiě)方向后，可按自上而下、自左至右、由遠(yuǎn)及近、由表及里（或相反的方向）來(lái)描述。動(dòng)態(tài)的空間順序取決于物體的實(shí)際運(yùn)行路線，即可以是線性的，也可以是曲折的?？臻g順序如果使用得當(dāng)，不僅可以準(zhǔn)確地說(shuō)明事物的布局，還可以增加被描寫(xiě)事物的層次感和立體感。如：
Our classroom is on the third floor of the classroom building. It is a large room about 20 feet long and 10 feet wide. The walls are light green and the ceiling is white. Under the windows there are two radiators for heating the room in the winter time. On the opposite wall near one end there is a brown door.
上面段落采用空間順序展現(xiàn)出教室的布局，讀后給人留下一幅立體的圖畫(huà)。
又如：
My room is on the second floor of Dorm No. 3. It is a small rectangular room with a white ceiling and green walls. As you enter the room, straight ahead you will see two large windows. My bed which is covered with a blue bed blanket is under the left window. Under the right window is Mark’s bed. Desks and chairs are placed in the middle of the room. Behind the door there is a built-in closet.
此段落采用由遠(yuǎn)及近、由上而下的方法具體描述了“我的房間”的布局，很有層次感。
(三)演繹順序（Deduction )或歸納順序(Induction)
“演繹順序”是指把具有概括意義的段落主題句放在段首，然后再用具體的細(xì)節(jié)或事例來(lái)演繹主題句的中心思想，該順序也稱為“先概括，后分屬”模式。如：
上一篇：文章段落的寫(xiě)作標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
下一篇：寫(xiě)作常用句式結(jié)構(gòu)
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