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法律文件中的近義和同義詞
2017-06-04 09:24:30    etogether.net    網(wǎng)絡(luò)    


 The staff and workers of a company may, in accordance with the law, organize a trade union to carry out union activities and protect the legitimate rights and interests of the staff and workers.

.     關(guān)于formulate和enact的區(qū)別:

    例:

    為了發(fā)展對(duì)外貿(mào)易,維護(hù)對(duì)外貿(mào)易秩序,促進(jìn)社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的健康發(fā)展,制定本法。

    原:

     This Law is formulated with a view to developing the foreign

    trade, maintaining the foreign trade order and promoting a healthy

    development of the socialist market economy.

    “制定”為formulated不十分準(zhǔn)確。目前國(guó)內(nèi)法律文件中,凡提及“制定法律”一般用此詞,各文件相互參照,似乎formulate已成為慣用法。根據(jù)《牛津現(xiàn)代高級(jí)英文辭典》定義,formulate意為express clearly and exactly,即明確表達(dá),比如formulate one’s thoughts / a doctrine(明確表達(dá)思想或宗旨)。法律英語(yǔ)中表示“制定法律”,應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞enact。按上述辭典定義,enact意為make (a law);decree, ordain(制定(法律),頒令,規(guī)定)。比如,“制定法律”應(yīng)為enact a law,“制定條文”是enact clauses;其名詞enactment,也有“制定,規(guī)定,頒布,通過(guò),法令,法規(guī)”等意。比如,enactment of law(制定法律,法的制定)。為顧及習(xí)慣用法并按照英文法律文件的語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn),采用同義詞連用,此句可改為:

     This Law is formulated and enacted in order to develop the foreign trade, maintain the foreign trade order and promote a healthy development of the socialist market economy.

    

    .關(guān)于terms和clause的區(qū)別;in reasonable ways和in a reasonable manner的區(qū)別

    例:

采用格式條款訂立合同的,提供格式條款的一應(yīng)當(dāng)遵循公平原則確定當(dāng)事人之間的權(quán)利和義務(wù),并采取合理的 式請(qǐng)對(duì)注意免除或者限制其責(zé)任的條款,按照對(duì)的要求,對(duì)該條款予以說(shuō)明。

    原:

     Where standard terms are adopted in concluding a contract,the party which supplies the standard terms shall define the rights and obligations between the parties abiding by the principle of fairness, request the other party to note the exclusion or restriction of its liabilities in reasonable ways, and explain the standard terms according to the requirement of the other party.

     評(píng):此段文有多處用詞不當(dāng)?shù)牡胤健?br/>
  原文的“格式條款”,不能直接按字面出。中文的“條款”一詞有兩種含義,一是表示“條件、條款”,意為“規(guī)定”,二是表示合同法律文件中某一具體條款,例如第幾條款,這里的“格式條款”應(yīng)該屬于后一種,因?yàn)楹贤小案袷綏l款”與“非格式條款”兩種,而不是“規(guī)定”。因此,“格式條款”不能成 “standard terms”。 Terms (pl) 意為conditions, provisions,比如“根據(jù)合同條件條款”我們應(yīng)成:in accordance with the terms, conditions and provisions of the contract。

 本條文里的“格式條款”應(yīng)成  “standard clauses”。clause意為(legal) complete paragraph in an agreement, or legal document(法律),即“合同協(xié)議,法律文件的條款?!彼浴昂贤跅l款”應(yīng)成Clause of the contract。

 原文中的“合理的式”成 “in reasonable ways”不妥。way一般表示“ method”法,有時(shí)也表示 “condition, state, degree,(情形,狀態(tài)及程度),比如“大規(guī)模地”可成in a big way?!昂侠淼氖健睉?yīng)成 “in a reasonable manner”。 manner 表示“式”(可數(shù),通常作單數(shù)),比如“以這種式”可成“in this manner”。


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