事實上，中國在切實履行加入世界貿(mào)易組織承諾后，還主動通過單邊降稅擴(kuò)大市場開放。截至2010年，中國貨物降稅承諾全部履行完畢，關(guān)稅總水平由2001年的15.3%降至9.8%。中國并未止步于履行加入世界貿(mào)易組織承諾，而是通過簽訂自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定等方式推進(jìn)貿(mào)易投資自由化，給予最不發(fā)達(dá)國家關(guān)稅特殊優(yōu)惠，多次以暫定稅率方式大幅自主降低進(jìn)口關(guān)稅水平。根據(jù)世界貿(mào)易組織數(shù)據(jù)，2015年中國貿(mào)易加權(quán)平均關(guān)稅稅率已降至4.4%，明顯低于韓國、印度、印度尼西亞等新興經(jīng)濟(jì)體和發(fā)展中國家，已接近美國（2.4%）和歐盟（3%）的水平；在農(nóng)產(chǎn)品和制成品方面，中國已分別低于日本農(nóng)產(chǎn)品和澳大利亞非農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的實際關(guān)稅水平（表3）。2018年以來，中國進(jìn)一步主動將汽車整車最惠國稅率降至15%，將汽車零部件最惠國稅率從最高25%降至6%；大范圍降低部分日用消費(fèi)品進(jìn)口關(guān)稅，涉及1449個稅目，其最惠國平均稅率從15.7%降至6.9%，平均降幅達(dá)55.9%。目前，中國關(guān)稅總水平已進(jìn)一步降為8%。

圖表：表3：中國貿(mào)易加權(quán)平均關(guān)稅稅率及國際比較（%） 新華社發(fā)

China, having fulfilled its WTO commitments, has voluntarily engaged in unilateral tariff reductions to expand market opening. By 2010, all commitments in goods had been fulfilled, with the overall tariff level decreased from 15.3% in 2001 to 9.8%. Yet China did not limit itself to WTO commitments; it has promoted trade and investment liberalization through FTAs, given special treatment in tariffs to LDCs, and significantly reduced import tariffs using provisional tariffs on several occasions. According to the WTO, China’s weighted tariff in 2015 had fallen to 4.4%, significantly lower than that of emerging economies and developing countries such as the Republic of Korea, India and Indonesia, approaching that of the US (2.4%) and the EU (3%). China’s tariffs on agricultural products are lower than the real tariffs of Japan, and lower than those of Australia for non-agricultural goods (Table 3). From the beginning of 2018, China further voluntarily cut the MFN rate on whole vehicles to 15%, and the MFN rate on auto parts from a maximum 25% to 6%. China has reduced import tariffs for 1,449 daily necessities, with the MFN rate down by an average of 55.9%from 15.7% to 6.9%. Currently, China’s overall tariff rate has been reduced to 8%.

Table 3: Trade Weighted Average Tariff Rates of China and Other Countries (%)

　　美國所主張的“公平貿(mào)易”和“對等開放”，否定各國發(fā)展階段、資源稟賦和優(yōu)勢產(chǎn)業(yè)的客觀差異，無視發(fā)展中國家發(fā)展權(quán)，勢必會對發(fā)展中國家經(jīng)濟(jì)和產(chǎn)業(yè)造成沖擊，造成更大范圍的不公平，最終也不利于美國企業(yè)擴(kuò)大國際市場，分享發(fā)展中國家發(fā)展機(jī)遇。

　　中國加入世界貿(mào)易組織后，為世界經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展作出了重要貢獻(xiàn)。國際上有的人認(rèn)為，中國加入世界貿(mào)易組織是占了便宜，其他國家吃了虧。事實上，中國加入世界貿(mào)易組織后，中國低成本勞動力、土地等資源與國際資本、技術(shù)相結(jié)合，迅速形成巨大生產(chǎn)能力，推動了全球產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈、價值鏈發(fā)展，促進(jìn)了世界經(jīng)濟(jì)增長。在此期間，外商對華直接投資持續(xù)擴(kuò)大，規(guī)模從2001年468.8億美元，增加到2017年的1363.2億美元，年均增長6.9%，跨國公司分享了中國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的巨大機(jī)遇。與此同時，中國在經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展過程中也在環(huán)境、產(chǎn)業(yè)調(diào)整等方面承擔(dān)了較大成本。

The idea of “fair trade” and “reciprocal opening up” advocated by the US ignores the existence of objective differences among countries in terms of stage of development, resources, and competitive industries, and ignores developing countries’ right to develop. It will create an impact on the economy and industries of the developing countries, result in broader inequality, and eventually prevent American businesses from expanding their international market share and sharing development opportunities in the developing countries.

Since its accession to the WTO, China has made important contribution to world economic development. Some people think China has taken advantage of its WTO membership while putting other countries at a disadvantage. In fact, after China joined the WTO, it has provided international capital and technologies with low-cost labor and land resources, generating immense production capacity that has promoted the development of global industrial chain and value chain, and world economic growth. In this process, FDI to China has kept on growing, surging from USD46.88 billion in 2001 to USD136.32 billion in 2017, at an annual growth of 6.9%. Multinationals have shared the immense opportunities in China’s economic development. In the meantime, China has paid a high cost in environment and industrial restructuring as its economy grows rapidly.