中國是一個發(fā)展中國家。多年來，中國在致力于自身發(fā)展的同時，始終堅持向經(jīng)濟(jì)困難的其他發(fā)展中國家提供力所能及的援助，承擔(dān)相應(yīng)國際義務(wù)。
20世紀(jì)50年代，新中國成立后不久，中國在自身財力十分緊張、物資相當(dāng)匱乏的情況下，開始對外提供經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)援助，并逐步擴(kuò)大援助范圍。70年代末中國實行改革開放以來，經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展，綜合國力顯著提升，但依然是一個人均水平不高、貧困人口眾多的發(fā)展中國家。盡管如此，中國仍量力而行，盡力開展對外援助，幫助受援國增強(qiáng)自主發(fā)展能力，豐富和改善人民生活，促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和社會進(jìn)步。中國的對外援助，發(fā)展鞏固了與廣大發(fā)展中國家的友好關(guān)系和經(jīng)貿(mào)合作，推動了南南合作，為人類社會共同發(fā)展作出了積極貢獻(xiàn)。
中國對外援助堅持平等互利，注重實效，與時俱進(jìn)，不附帶任何政治條件，形成了具有自身特色的模式。
China is a developing country. Over the years, while focusing on its own development, China has been providing aid to the best of its ability to other developing countries with economic difficulties, and fulfilling its due international obligations.
In the 1950s, soon after the founding of the People’s Republic of China, although it was short of funds and materials, China began to provide economic aid and technical assistance to other countries, and gradually expanded the scope of such aid. Since China adopted the reform and opening-up policies in the late 1970s, its economy has been developing rapidly, with the overall national strength growing notably. However, China remains a developing country with a low per-capita income and a large poverty-stricken population. In spite of this, China has been doing its best to provide foreign aid, to help recipient countries to strengthen their self-development capacity, enrich and improve their peoples’ livelihood, and promote their economic growth and social progress. Through foreign aid, China has consolidated friendly relations and economic and trade cooperation with other developing countries, promoted South-South cooperation and contributed to the common development of mankind.
Adhering to equality and mutual benefit, stressing substantial results, and keeping pace with the times without imposing any political conditions on recipient countries, China’s foreign aid has emerged as a model with its own characteristics.
一、對外援助政策
對外援助歷程
中國對外援助從幫助周邊友好國家開始起步。1950年，中國開始向朝鮮和越南兩國提供物資援助，從此開啟了中國對外援助的序幕。1955年萬隆亞非會議后，隨著對外關(guān)系的發(fā)展，中國對外援助范圍從社會主義國家擴(kuò)展到其他發(fā)展中國家。1956年，中國開始向非洲國家提供援助。1964年，中國政府宣布以平等互利、不附帶條件為核心的對外經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)援助八項原則，確立了中國開展對外援助的基本方針。1971年10月，在廣大發(fā)展中國家的支持下，中國恢復(fù)了在聯(lián)合國的合法席位，中國同更多的發(fā)展中國家建立了經(jīng)濟(jì)和技術(shù)合作關(guān)系，并援建了坦贊鐵路等一批重大基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施項目。這段時期，中國克服自身困難，為支持其他發(fā)展中國家爭取民族獨立和發(fā)展民族經(jīng)濟(jì)提供了最大限度的支持，奠定了新中國與廣大發(fā)展中國家長期友好合作的堅實基礎(chǔ)。
I. Foreign Aid Policy
Course of Development in Foreign Aid
China’s foreign aid began in 1950, when it provided material as-sistance to the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) and Vietnam, two neighboring countries having friendly relations with China. Following the Asian-African Conference in Bandung, Indonesia in 1955, the scope of China’s aid extended from socialist countries to other developing countries, along with the improvement of China’s foreign relations. In 1956, China began to aid African countries. In 1964, the Chinese government declared the Eight Principles for Economic Aid and Technical Assistance to Other Countries, the core content of which featured equality, mutual benefit and no strings attached, hence the basic principle for China’s foreign aid was formulated. In October 1971, with the support of other developing countries, China resumed its legal seat in the United Nations, established relations of economic and technical cooperation with more developing countries, and funded the Tanzania-Zambia Railway (TAZARA) and other major infrastructure projects. In this period, China overcame its own difficulties, and provided maximum assistance it could afford to other developing countries in their efforts to win national independence and to develop national economy, thus laying a solid foundation for its long-term friendly cooperation with developing countries.
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