進(jìn)入新世紀(jì)特別是2004年以來(lái)，在經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)快速增長(zhǎng)、綜合國(guó)力不斷增強(qiáng)的基礎(chǔ)上，中國(guó)對(duì)外援助資金保持快速增長(zhǎng)，2004年至2009年平均年增長(zhǎng)率為29.4％。中國(guó)除通過(guò)傳統(tǒng)雙邊渠道商定援助項(xiàng)目外，還在國(guó)際和地區(qū)層面加強(qiáng)與受援國(guó)的集體磋商。中國(guó)政府在聯(lián)合國(guó)發(fā)展籌資高級(jí)別會(huì)議、聯(lián)合國(guó)千年發(fā)展目標(biāo)高級(jí)別會(huì)議，以及中非合作論壇、上海合作組織、中國(guó)—東盟領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人會(huì)議、中國(guó)—加勒比經(jīng)貿(mào)合作論壇、中國(guó)—太平洋島國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展合作論壇、中國(guó)—葡語(yǔ)國(guó)家經(jīng)貿(mào)合作論壇等區(qū)域合作機(jī)制會(huì)議上，多次宣布一攬子有針對(duì)性的對(duì)外援助政策措施，加強(qiáng)在農(nóng)業(yè)、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、教育、醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生、人力資源開(kāi)發(fā)合作、清潔能源等領(lǐng)域的援助力度。2010年8月，中國(guó)政府召開(kāi)全國(guó)援外工作會(huì)議，全面總結(jié)援外工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)，明確了新形勢(shì)下進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)和改進(jìn)對(duì)外援助工作的重點(diǎn)任務(wù)，中國(guó)的對(duì)外援助進(jìn)入新的發(fā)展階段。
對(duì)外援助政策
In the 21st century, especially since 2004, on the basis of sus-tained and rapid economic growth and enhanced overall national strength, China’s financial resource for foreign aid has increased rapidly, averaging 29.4% from 2004 to 2009. In addition to deciding aid projects arranged through traditional bilateral channels, group consultations were held by China with recipient countries at the international and regional levels. The Chinese government announced a series of well-targeted foreign aid policies at many international and regional conferences, such as the UN High-Level Meeting on Financing for Development, UN High-Level Meeting on the Millennium Development Goals, Forum on China-Africa Cooperation, Shanghai Cooperation Organization, China-ASEAN Leaders Meeting, China-Caribbean Economic & Trade Cooperation Forum, China-Pacific Island Countries Economic Development & Cooperation Forum, and Forum on Economic and Trade Cooperation between China and Portuguese-Speaking Countries, to strengthen foreign aid in the fields of agriculture, infrastructure, education, health care, human resources, and clean energy. In August 2010, the Chinese government held the National Conference on Foreign Aid to summarize its experience of foreign aid work, and define the major tasks for strengthening and improving foreign aid in new circumstances. China’s foreign aid thus entered a new stage.
Foreign Aid Policy
中國(guó)的對(duì)外援助政策具有鮮明的時(shí)代特征，符合自身國(guó)情和受援國(guó)發(fā)展需要。20世紀(jì)60年代中國(guó)提出的對(duì)外援助八項(xiàng)原則，從一開(kāi)始就是中國(guó)對(duì)外援助遵循的基本方針，并在實(shí)踐中不斷豐富、完善和發(fā)展。中國(guó)是世界上最大的發(fā)展中國(guó)家，人口多、底子薄、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展不平衡。發(fā)展仍然是中國(guó)長(zhǎng)期面臨的艱巨任務(wù)，這決定了中國(guó)的對(duì)外援助屬于南南合作范疇，是發(fā)展中國(guó)家間的相互幫助。
中國(guó)對(duì)外援助政策的基本內(nèi)容是：
——堅(jiān)持幫助受援國(guó)提高自主發(fā)展能力。實(shí)踐證明，一國(guó)的發(fā)展主要依靠自身的力量。中國(guó)在提供對(duì)外援助時(shí)，盡力為受援國(guó)培養(yǎng)本土人才和技術(shù)力量，幫助受援國(guó)建設(shè)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，開(kāi)發(fā)利用本國(guó)資源，打好發(fā)展基礎(chǔ)，逐步走上自力更生、獨(dú)立發(fā)展的道路。
China’s foreign aid policy has distinct characteristics of the times. It is suited both to China’s actual conditions and the needs of the recipient countries. China has been constantly enriching, improving and developing the Eight Principles for Economic Aid and Technical Assistance to Other Countries — the guiding principles of China’s foreign aid put forward in the 1960s. China is the world’s largest de-veloping country, with a large population, a poor foundation and uneven economic development. As development remains an arduous and long-standing task, China’s foreign aid falls into the category of South-South cooperation and is mutual help between developing countries.
Basic features of China’s foreign aid policy are as follows:
— Unremittingly helping recipient countries build up their self-development capacity. Practice has proved that a country’s development depends mainly on its own strength. In providing foreign aid, China does its best to help recipient countries to foster local personnel and technical forces, build infrastructure, and develop and use domestic resources, so as to lay a foundation for future development and embarkation on the road of self-reliance and independent development.
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