中國(guó)對(duì)外援助資金主要有3種類型：無(wú)償援助、無(wú)息貸款和優(yōu)惠貸款。其中，無(wú)償援助和無(wú)息貸款資金在國(guó)家財(cái)政項(xiàng)下支出，優(yōu)惠貸款由中國(guó)政府指定中國(guó)進(jìn)出口銀行對(duì)外提供。截至2009年底，中國(guó)累計(jì)對(duì)外提供援助金額達(dá)2562.9億元人民幣，其中無(wú)償援助1062億元，無(wú)息貸款765.4億元，優(yōu)惠貸款735.5億元。
對(duì)外援助支出是國(guó)家財(cái)政支出的一部分。援外預(yù)算資金由財(cái)政部按預(yù)決算制統(tǒng)一管理。商務(wù)部及國(guó)務(wù)院其他參與對(duì)外援助管理的部門，根據(jù)職責(zé)分工具體管理本部門的援外資金。各部門結(jié)合對(duì)外援助任務(wù)，堅(jiān)持量力而行的原則編制年度對(duì)外援助項(xiàng)目支出預(yù)算，經(jīng)財(cái)政部審核并報(bào)請(qǐng)國(guó)務(wù)院和全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)批準(zhǔn)后執(zhí)行。各部門對(duì)援外項(xiàng)目資金實(shí)行預(yù)算控制管理。財(cái)政部和國(guó)家審計(jì)署根據(jù)國(guó)家有關(guān)法律、法規(guī)和財(cái)務(wù)規(guī)章制度對(duì)主管部門援外支出預(yù)算執(zhí)行情況進(jìn)行監(jiān)督檢查。
Financial resources provided by China for foreign aid mainly fall into three types: grants (aid gratis), interest-free loans and concessional loans. The first two come from China’s state finances, while concessional loans are provided by the Export-Import Bank of China as designated by the Chinese government. By the end of 2009, China had provided a total of 256.29 billion yuan in aid to foreign countries, including 106.2 billion yuan in grants, 76.54 billion yuan in interest-free loans and 73.55 billion yuan in concessional loans.
Foreign aid expenditure is part of the state expenditure, under the unified management of the Ministry of Finance in its budgets and final accounts system. The Ministry of Commerce and other departments under the State Council that are responsible for the management of foreign aid handle financial resources for foreign aid in their own departments in accordance with their respective jurisdictions. Each of these departments draws up a budget for foreign aid projects every year and submits it to the Ministry of Finance for examination, and then to the State Council and the National People’s Congress for approval and implementation. Each department controls and manages its own funds for foreign aid projects in its budget. The Ministry of Finance and the National Audit Office supervise and audit the implementation of foreign aid budget funds of these departments based on relevant state laws, regulations and financial rules.
無(wú)償援助
無(wú)償援助主要用于幫助受援國(guó)建設(shè)醫(yī)院、學(xué)校、低造價(jià)住房、打井供水項(xiàng)目等中小型社會(huì)福利性項(xiàng)目。此外，無(wú)償援助還用于實(shí)施人力資源開發(fā)合作、技術(shù)合作、物資援助、緊急人道主義援助等領(lǐng)域的項(xiàng)目。
無(wú)息貸款
Grants
Grants are mainly used to help recipient countries to build hospitals, schools and low-cost houses, and support well-digging or water-supply projects, and other medium and small projects for social welfare. In addition, grants are used in projects in the fields of human resources development cooperation, technical cooperation, assistance in kind and emergency humanitarian aid.
Interest-free Loans
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