無息貸款主要用于幫助受援國建設(shè)社會(huì)公共設(shè)施和民生項(xiàng)目。無息貸款期限一般為20年，其中使用期5年，寬限期5年，償還期10年。目前，無息貸款主要向經(jīng)濟(jì)條件較好的發(fā)展中國家提供。
優(yōu)惠貸款
優(yōu)惠貸款主要用于幫助受援國建設(shè)有經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和社會(huì)效益的生產(chǎn)性項(xiàng)目和大中型基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，或提供成套設(shè)備、機(jī)電產(chǎn)品、技術(shù)服務(wù)以及其他物資等。優(yōu)惠貸款本金由中國進(jìn)出口銀行通過市場籌措，貸款利率低于中國人民銀行公布的基準(zhǔn)利率，由此產(chǎn)生的利息差額由國家財(cái)政補(bǔ)貼。目前，中國提供的優(yōu)惠貸款年利率一般為2％至3％，期限一般為15年至20年(含5年至7年寬限期)。截至2009年底，中國共向76個(gè)國家提供了優(yōu)惠貸款，支持項(xiàng)目325個(gè)，其中建成142個(gè)。中國提供的優(yōu)惠貸款61％用于幫助發(fā)展中國家建設(shè)交通、通訊、電力等基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，8.9％用于支持石油、礦產(chǎn)等能源和資源開發(fā)。
Interest-free loans are mainly used to help recipient countries to construct public facilities and launch projects to improve people’s livelihood. The tenure of such loans is usually 20 years, including five years of use, five years of grace and ten years of repayment. Currently, interest-free loans are mainly provided to developing countries with relatively good economic conditions.
Concessional Loans
Concessional loans are mainly used to help recipient countries to undertake productive projects generating both economic and social benefits and large and medium-sized infrastructure projects, or to provide complete plant, mechanical and electrical products, technical services and other materials. Concessional loans are raised by the Export-Import Bank of China on the market, and since the loan interest is lower than the benchmark interest of the People’s Bank of China, the difference is made up by the State as financial subsidies. At present, the annual interest rate of China’s concessional loans is between 2% and 3%, and the period of repayment is usually 15 to 20 years (including five to seven years of grace). By the end of 2009, China had provided concessional loans to 76 foreign countries, supporting 325 projects, of which 142 had been completed. Of China’s concessional loans, 61% are used to help developing countries to construct transportation, communications and electricity infrastructure, and 8.9% are used to support the development of energy and resources such as oil and minerals.
Figure 1 Sectoral Distribution of Concessional Loans from China
三、對(duì)外援助方式
中國對(duì)外援助主要有8種方式：成套項(xiàng)目、一般物資、技術(shù)合作、人力資源開發(fā)合作、援外醫(yī)療隊(duì)、緊急人道主義援助、援外志愿者和債務(wù)減免。
成套項(xiàng)目
成套項(xiàng)目援助是指中國通過提供無償援助和無息貸款等援助資金幫助受援國建設(shè)生產(chǎn)和民用領(lǐng)域的工程項(xiàng)目。中方負(fù)責(zé)項(xiàng)目考察、勘察、設(shè)計(jì)和施工的全部或部分過程，提供全部或部分設(shè)備、建筑材料，派遣工程技術(shù)人員組織和指導(dǎo)施工、安裝和試生產(chǎn)。項(xiàng)目竣工后，移交受援國使用。
III. Forms of Foreign Aid
China offers foreign aid in eight forms: complete projects, goods and materials, technical cooperation, human resource development cooperation, medical teams sent abroad, emergency humanitarian aid, volunteer programs in foreign countries, and debt relief.
Complete Projects
Complete projects refer to productive or civil projects constructed in recipient countries with the help of financial resources provided by China as grants or interest-free loans. The Chinese side is responsible for the whole or part of the process, from study, survey, to design and construction, provides all or part of the equipment and building materials, and sends engineers and technical personnel to organize and guide the construction, installation and trial production of these projects. After a project is completed, China hands it over to the recipient country.
上一篇：《中國的對(duì)外援助》（中英對(duì)照）II
下一篇：《西藏和平解放60年》（中英對(duì)照）VI
微信公眾號(hào)搜索“譯員”關(guān)注我們，每天為您推送翻譯理論和技巧，外語學(xué)習(xí)及翻譯招聘信息。